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TIBIAL TUNNEL PLACEMENT - PCL AND ROOF IMPINGEMENT
Howell, S.: Loss of motion due to graft impingement (Roof impingement and posterior cruciate ligament impingement. Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine, 14(2): 27-35, 2006.
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Matsumoto, A., and Howell, S. M.: Avoiding posterior cruciate ligament and roof impingement with transtibial anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Keys to correct tunnel placement. Techniques in Orthopaedics, 20(3): 211-217, 2005.
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Howell, S. M., and Lawhorn, K. W.: Gravity reduces the tibia when using a tibial guide that targets the intercondylar roof. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(7): 1702-10, 2004.
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Simmons, R.; Howell, S. M.; and Hull, M. L.: Effect of the angle of the femoral and tibial tunnels in the coronal plane and incremental excision of the posterior cruciate ligament on tension of an anterior cruciate ligament graft: an in vitro study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American), 85-A(6): 1018-29, 2003.
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Howell SM, Gittins ME, Gottlieb JE, Traina SM, Zoellner TM: The relationship between the angle of the tibial tunnel in the coronal plane and loss of flexion and anterior laxity after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. American Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 29, No. 5: 567, 2001
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Howell SM: Principles for placing the tibial tunnel and avoiding roof impingement during reconstruction of a tron anterior cruciate ligament. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy 6 [Suppl 1]: S49S55, 1998
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Goss B, Howell SM, Hull ML: Quadriceps load aggravates and roofplasty mitigates active impingement of anterior cruciate ligament grafts against the intercondylar roof. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 16: 611617, 1998
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Goss B, Howell SM, Hull ML: Injury mechanisms in anterior cruciate ligament grafts from intercondylar roof impingement. Journal of Orthopaedic Research 15(2): 263268, 1996
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Howell SM, Barad SJ: Knee extension and its relationship to the slope of the intercondylar roof. American Journal of Sports Medicine 23: 288294, 1995
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Watanabe B, Howell SM: Arthroscopic findings associated with roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft, American Journal of Sports Medicine 23: 616625, 1995
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Howell SM, Taylor MA: Failure of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament due to impingement by the intercondylar roof. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 75-A: 104455, 1993
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Howell SM: Arthroscopic roofplasty: a method for correcting an extension deficit caused by roof impingement of an anterior cruciate ligament graft. Journal of Arthroscopy 8:3759, 1992
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Howell SM: Clark JA: Tibial tunnel placement in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and graft impingement. Clinical Orthopaedics 283: 187195, 1992
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Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE: Serial magnetic resonance study assisting the effects of impingement on the MR image of the patellar tendon graft. Journal of Arthroscopy 8: 3508, 1992
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Howell SM, Clark JA, Farley TE: A rationale for predicting anterior cruciate graft impingement by the intercondlylar roof. A magnetic resonance imaging study, American Journal of Sports Medicine 19: 27682, 1991
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Howell SM, Berns GS, Farley TE: Unimpinged and impinged anterior cruciate ligament grafts: MR signal intensity measurements. Radiology 179: 63943, 1991
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Howell SM, Clark JA, Blasier RD: Serial magnetic resonance imaging of hamstring anterior cruciate ligament autografts during the first year of implantation. A preliminary study. American Journal of Sports Medicine 19: 4247, 1991
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